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Objective To evaluate the effect of information-knowledge-attitude-practice (IKAP) theory-based health education interventions on clonorchiasis control among community residents and primary school students in Torch High-tech Development Zone of Zhongshan City, so as to provide insights into formulation of clonorchiasis control strategies among different types of populations. Methods Residents were randomly sampled from two communities and students from two primary schools using a random cluster sampling method in Torch High-tech Development Zone, Zhongshan City from 2019 to 2021, and health education pertaining to clonorchiasis control was performed based on the IKAP theory. The changes in the awareness of basic clonorchiasis control knowledge and belief, self-reported risk of Clonorchis sinensis infections and dietary behaviors were compared among community residents and primary school students before and after health education interventions. Results The participants included 146 male and 151 female community residents and 158 male and 153 female primary school students, with no significant difference detected in gender distribution (χ2 = 0.16, P > 0.05). The mean awareness of basic clonorchiasis control knowledge increased by 44.71% and 43.28% among primary school students and community residents 6 months following health education, and there were significant differences in the awareness of each item of basic clonorchiasis control knowledge before and after health education (χ2 = 41.53 to 284.44, all P values < 0.05). The proportions of primary school students and community residents thinking very high and high risks of C. sinensis infections increased from 9.35% and 6.71% before health education to 22.15% and 37.75% after health education, but only the difference of the attitudes in community residents achieve statistical significance (χ2 = 92.18, P < 0.05). The frequency of separation of raw and cooked foods with chopping board and knife significantly increased among community residents and primary school students following health education (χ2 = 16.04 to 62.65, all P values < 0.05). The frequency of eating raw freshwater fish (χ2 = 32.85, P < 0.05), fish congee (χ2 = 7.02, P < 0.05) and fish fillet hot pot (χ2 = 4.88, P < 0.05) significantly reduced among primary school students following health education, while only the frequency and proportions of eating raw freshwater fish have significantly reduced in community residents (χ2 = 11.77, P < 0.05). Conclusions Health education interventions based on the IKAP theory are effective to increase the awareness of clonorchiasis control knowledge and improve dietary behaviors associated with C. sinensis infections among community residents and primary school students in Zhongshan City.
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Objective@#To evaluate the correlation between electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and environmental e-cigarette exposure among residents living in Guangzhou City, so as to provide the evidence for the development of the e-cigarette control policy.@*Methods@#Permanent university students living in Guangzhou City were recruited as investigators from July to October 2021, and the permanent adult residents in communities where the university students lived were randomly selected as participants. Subjects' demographic features, e-cigarette use, passive viewing of e-cigarette use and exposure to e-cigarette advertising were collected using both online and offline questionnaire surveys, and the association of e-cigarette use with passive viewing of e-cigarette use and exposure to e-cigarette advertising were examined using a multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@# A total of 948 questionnaires were allocated, and 874 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 92.19%. The respondents had a mean age of ( 34.96±13.76 ) years. There were 420 men ( 48.05% ), and 426 married residents ( 48.80% ). The prevalence of e-cigarette use was 14.99%, and the rate of e-cigarette use was 23.81% in men and 6.83% in women. In addition, 27.27% of respondents at ages of 35 to 44 years used e-cigarette, 479 respondents viewed e-cigarette advertising ( 54.81% ) and 510 respondents had at least once passive viewing of e-cigarette use ( 58.35% ). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher frequency of exposure to e-cigarette advertising ( OR: 3.064-5.784, 95%CI: 1.683-12.620 ) and a higher frequency of passive viewing of e-cigarette use ( OR: 2.182-2.349, 95%CI: 1.094-4.526 ) led to a higher rate of e-cigarette use.@*Conclusions@#E-cigarette use is affected by passive viewing of e-cigarette use and exposure to e-cigarette advertising among community residents in Guangzhou City. Supervision and restriction is recommended for e-cigarette advertising, marketing, and use in public places.
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Objective@#To investigate the relationship between neck circumference and metabolic syndrome (MS) in ≥ 40 years old community residents.@*Methods@#A total of 5 017 Dalian community residents who participated in "the risk evaluation of cancers in Chinese diabetic individuals: a longitudinal study" from July to December 2014 were selected, with 1 256 male cases and 3 761 female cases, aged ≥ 40 years old. The basic information was selected by questionnaire. The neck circumference, waist circumference (WC), body height, weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h-postprandial plasma glucose (2 h PG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood fat were measured; the body mass index (BMI) was calculated.@*Results@#The age, neck circumference, WC, FPG, 2 h PG, SBP, DBP, incidence of obesity, incidence of hypertension and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in male were significantly higher than those in female: (63.5 ± 8.4) years vs. (60.8 ± 8.0) years, (38.6 ± 3.0) cm vs. (34.4 ± 2.6) cm, (92.3 ± 9.1) cm vs. (87.3 ± 9.6) cm, 5.59 (5.20, 6.42) mmol/L vs. 5.43 (5.09, 5.99) mmol/L, 7.67 (6.06, 11.08) mmol/L vs. 7.20 (5.97, 9.64) mmol/L, (135.3 ± 18.8) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) vs. (129.8 ± 19.5) mmHg, (79.8 ± 10.7) mmHg vs. (74.8 ± 10.0) mmHg, 53.0% (666/1 256) vs. 48.9% (1 841/3 761), 49.9% (627/1 256) vs. 40.6% (1 528/3 761) and 29.8% (374/1 256) vs. 22.5% (846/3 761); the total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and incidence of central obesity in male were significantly lower than those in female: (5.04 ± 0.94) mmol/L vs. (5.58 ± 1.03) mmol/L, 1.35 (0.97, 1.95) mmol/L vs. 1.45 (1.06, 2.04) mmol/L, (1.18 ± 0.27) mmol/L vs. (1.32 ± 0.29) mmol/L, (2.99 ± 0.78) mmol/L vs. (3.27 ± 0.85) mmol/L and 63.7% (800/1 256) vs. 79.7% (2 998/3 761), and there were statistical differences (P<0.01 or <0.05). There were no statistical differences in BMI, HbA1c and incidence of MS between male and female (P>0.05). After adjustment for age, smoking, drinking, menopausal status (female), BMI and WC, Logistic regression analysis result showed that increased neck circumference in male increased the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.075, 95% CI 1.012 to 1.142, P = 0.019); increased neck circumference in female increased the risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.143, 95% CI 1.096 to 1.192, P = 0.000), hypertension (OR = 1.112, 95% CI 1.071 to 1.156, P = 0.000), hypertriacylglyceremia (OR = 1.099, 95% CI 1.060 to 1.139, P = 0.000), low HDL-C (OR = 1.104, 95% CI 1.064 to 1.144, P = 0.000) and MS (OR = 1.167, 95% CI 1.120 to 1.217, P = 0.000). Taking neck circumference as detection variable and MS as outcome variable, the receiver operating characteristic curve was analyzed. In male, the area under curve was 0.733, the optimal cut-off value of neck circumference was 37.9 cm, with a sensitivity of 77.9%, and a specificity of 55.9%. In female, the area under curve was 0.720, the optimal cut-off value of neck circumference 33.3 cm, with a sensitivity of 76.7%, and a specificity of 56.0%.@*Conclusions@#Neck circumference is associated with MS in ≥ 40 years old community residents. Male neck circumference >37.9 cm and female neck circumference>33.3 cm are the optimal cut-off value for forecasting MS.
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To compare the incidence and prognosis of infections between elderly and non-elderly residents in a community of Beijing. Adult inpatients during the study period(from July 1,2012 to June 30,2014)living in Yuetan Subdistrict of Beijing were screened for infections,and patients with infections were included into the analysis. A total of 19 472 patients were screened,and infections were found in 3449 patients(17.7%).The incidence was significantly higher in the elderly than that in the non-elderly patients(21.5%10.5%,=362.202,<0.001).Lower respiratory tract was the most commonly affected site,followed by genitourinary system.The mortalsity rate of the elderly patients with infections was significantly higher than that of the non-elderly patients with infections(13.6%3.4%,=56.829,<0.001)and increased with age.Logistic regression analysis found that older age,emergency surgery,comorbid cancer,chronic cardiac insufficiency,higher Charlson comorbidity index,intra-abdominal infection,gastrointestinal infection,bloodstream infection,lower respiratory infection,and hospital-acquired infection were independent risk factors of death for the elderly patients. The incidence of infections in the elderly patients living in Yuetan Subdistrict of Beijing is much higher than that of the non-elderly patients,and elderly infected patients had longer hospital length of stays and higher mortality rates than non-elderly infected patients.
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Adult , Aged , Humans , Beijing , Cross Infection , Epidemiology , Incidence , Prognosis , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objective To explore the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among the residents aged over the 35 years old in Pinghu City.Methods A total of 3 300 residents aged over 35 years old from 1 0 villages (communities)in Pinghu City were selected by multi -stage stratified cluster sampling method,and were investigated via questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory tests.Results The prevalence rate of hypertension was 32.1 5%,and the standardized rate was 28.30%.Multi -variable logistic regression analysis showed that the major risk factors of hypertension included high age(OR =38.93),overweight(OR =1 .94)and obesity(OR =4.49),family history of hypertension(OR =5.61 ), hypertriglyceridemia(OR =1 .76),Normal weight(OR =0.54)and high education level (OR =0.40)were the protective factors.Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension among the residents aged over 35 years old in Pinghu City is at a high level.It is possible to take comprehensive intervention for hypertension focus on the different risk factors.
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Objective To investigate the role of health-promoting volunteers in the promotion of community health activities. Methods Fifty health volunteers were trained and went to take part in health-promoting activities together with community medical workers.Results After health-promoting activities,the rate of archive-establishment for hypertensive and diabetic patients,the rate of standardized management over the patients with archives,the rate of disease control were all significantly higher than that before the health promotion(all P<0.05).Conclusion The health-promoting volunteers are surely effective for the improvement of health knowledge and the formation of healthy behaviors.
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To investigate the status quo of health capability of old people as well as the influential factors.Method The self-rated abilities for health practices scale(SRAHP)was used for the investigation among 300 elderly healthy people.Results The total score by SRAHP was(54.29±22.80).The major influential factors included age,residence site,education,economy and health condition was age,education,economical conditions,self-evaluated health conditions(P<0.001).Conclusions SRAHP among old persons is below the medium and low was at a few lower level.The nursing intervention is good for the improvement of old persons' level of SRAHP.The nursing strategy is good for the improvement of SRAHP so as to raise the quality of life of old people.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the needs for nutrition programs in the public health centers by general characteristics and body mass index (BMI) of community residents. Information of general characteristics of study participants including age, education, income, marital status, residence, and job, and resident's interest in nutrition programs, the preferred educational methods and the willingness to participate in nutrition programs were collected by an interview. Weight and height were measured and were used to calculate the BMI. The program that resident's were most interested in was 'diet therapy for chronic disease and counseling' (28.5%), followed by 'nutritional management for the elderly' (21.1%), and 'obesity and weight control' (17.1%). 'Education and counseling by nutrition professionals' was the most preferred educational method. Among the programs that the subjects would participate in, if they were offered in public health centers, 65.8% subjects would participate in 'diet therapy for chronic disease and counseling' programs, 64.9% would participate in 'nutritional management for the elderly' programs and 52.2% would participate in 'obesity and weight control' programs. The contents of programs that the subjects were interested in, the preferred methods and their willingness to participate nutrition programs differed significantly by age, income, education, marital status, and body mass index. The results imply that the planning of nutrition interventions in the public health centers must be tailored and targeted group specific by taking the participants general characteristics and body mass index into consideration. This would surely increase the nutrition program's effectiveness